Abandonados em Darwin
“Soldado argentino só conhecido por Deus”.
Assim são identificadas as sepulturas no cemitério de Darwin, nas ilhas Malvinas (Falklands), onde estão os corpos de mais de duzentos soldados argentinos. Hoje, 2 de abril, feriado nacional, é o dia em que a Argentina rememora a invasão do arquipélago, há exatos 31 anos, e a lembrança dos “caídos” em combate.
A Guerra das Malvinas, iniciada há exatos 31 anos, deixou mais de 900 mortos, a maioria do lado argentino, num embate que durou pouco mais de dois meses. A iniciativa de entrar num sangrento conflito bélico com o Reino Unido partiu do governo militar argentino, que buscou uma causa nacional para salvar a popularidade do regime. Como se sabe, deu tudo errado, a Argentina foi massacrada no conflito e, como única consequência boa da tragédia, a ditadura acabou tendo seu fim.
Visitar as ilhas hoje é topar a todo instante com os vestígios deixados pelo terrível conflito. Apesar dos esforços dos “kelpers” para seguir adiante, é inevitável, a guerra está por todos os lados. O cemitério de Darwin abriga os corpos dos soldados que morreram em terra _mais de 500 faleceram no bombardeio do navio Belgrano. Para chegar ao local, é preciso viajar por pouco mais de uma hora a partir de Stanley. O cemitério fica num descampado, é preciso descer do carro, abrir um portão e caminhar um pouco. O local possui um cuidador, um argentino residente nas ilhas (há 29, a maioria cidadãos britânicos), mas ele não fica ali todo o tempo. No dia em que fui, não havia ninguém.
O vento forte é contínuo nas ilhas. Nesse local, ele ainda é mais intenso, pois trata-se de um campo aberto. Como cada sepultura tem um rosário, deixado ali por familiares e ex-combatentes de visita, o som que se ouve é o do vento e o dos rosários chocando-se com a pedra. É um som terrível de escutar, pois evoca tudo o que se passou ali e a tragédia que viveram aqueles soldados, muitos ainda adolescentes.
O cemitério de Darwin deveria estar na pauta do governo argentino, quando este se preocupa tanto com as ilhas. Deixar esses corpos ali é uma maldade com os que deram suas vidas à Argentina. Diferentemente dos soldados ingleses, que puderam ser transportados para a Inglaterra e foram enterrados perto de suas famílias, os argentinos tiveram de ser deixados ali. O governo da época dizia que os meninos haviam morrido em território argentino, e portanto deveriam ficar enterrados nas ilhas. O resultado é que essas sepulturas são pouco visitadas, os familiares dos soldados mortos não podem vir a toda hora, é caro e é longe. Em Darwin, têm a companhia apenas do vento e do ruído dos rosários.
Se este é o estado de abandono em que estão os mortos, com os sobreviventes não é melhor a atuação dos governos que vieram com a democracia. Há um alto índice de suicídios, desde que a guerra terminou. Nos primeiros tempos, a sociedade os rejeitou, culpando-os pela derrota. Hoje há mais respeito de um modo geral, mas eles são privados de direitos mais amplos, como aposentadoria e planos de saúde aceitáveis. Cristina Kirchner costuma chamá-los para que compareçam e aplaudam suas palavras quando há atos políticos para reivindicar as ilhas, porém, no dia a dia, eles reclamam bastante da falta de apoio do Estado.
Cristina tem declarado que as Malvinas são uma questão de Estado, e reforça isso em fóruns internacionais, recentemente até pediu a intervenção do papa Francisco. Infelizmente, sua atuação com os sobreviventes não tem a mesma ênfase. Assim, o vento frio e cortante do cemitério de Darwin continuará sendo a companhia dos soldados mortos, enterrados sem nome e distantes de seus amigos e familiares.
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