Gaucho Rivero e a história

Folha

Cada jornalista que chegou ontem a Stanley recebeu um volumoso
material de propaganda do “sim”. Os malvinenses estão votando entre hoje e amanhã para decidir se as ilhas seguem sendo, ou não, um domínio britânico.

Entre os panfletos, um livrinho que conta a história das ilhas, desde
as primeiras ocupações até hoje. Curioso ver como as mesmas histórias são contadas de modo diferente em Buenos Aires.

A mais famosa e confusa delas é a do Gaucho Rivero. Figura polêmica,
sobre a qual se sabe pouca coisa com 100% de certeza. Não ficaram
documentos, fotos ou outro tipo de registro. Ainda assim, sua
trajetória é tema de várias interpretações distintas, dependendo se
quem conta é um britânico ou um argentino.

Rivero nasceu na província de Entre Ríos, na Argentina, em 1808 e,
quando tinha 20 anos, embarcou para as Malvinas com a expedição de Luis Vernet, também um mítico pioneiro das ilhas de trajetória
nebulosa. Rivera era um peão, e aventurou-se no arquipélago em busca de oportunidades.

Estava nas ilhas em 1833, quando os ingleses expulsaram a
administração argentina local. É quando começa o mito.

Para os nacionalistas argentinos, Rivero não se conformou, e levantou
seus colegas para resistir aos britânicos. Já os “kelpers” têm outra
interpretação. Para eles, Rivero não era nada mais que um trabalhador injustiçado. Peões como ele não recebiam salário em dinheiro, mas sim em espécie, e eram muito explorados por seus chefes, submetidos a longas horas de trabalho em condições adversas.

O certo é que Rivero comandou um levante contra seus chefes, europeus de diferentes nacionalidades, e acabaram matando cinco deles.

Os britânicos iniciaram expedições para encontra-los e aprisiona-los,
mas eles escaparam para lugares afastados das então inóspitas ilhas.
Meses depois, foram localizando cada um deles. O último teria sido
Rivero.

O grupo então teria sido levado à Inglaterra, julgado, mas depois
liberado em Montevidéu. Aqui as coisas são ainda mais misteriosas. Uns dizem que os fins de Rivero foram de pobreza e doença no Rio da Prata.

Outros, que morreu defendendo o exército argentino de Juan Manuel de Rosas contra os invasores ingleses na Vuelta del Obligado.

Há poucas semanas, na abertura das atividades do Congresso argentino, Cristina evocou o Gaucho Rivero. O mito de herói nacionalista foi criado por Juan Domingo Perón, e desde então ele é retratado como alguém que defendeu as Malvinas como parte do território argentino.

Agora, folheando o material dos “kelpers” se nota como a história pode ser interpretada de diferentes maneiras. O texto desqualifica tanto o levante de Rivero que este fica parecendo um cruel ato criminoso.

A verdade completa sobre o Gaucho Rivero talvez nunca venha à tona. A essa altura seria dificílimo refazer a trajetória de um errante
daquela época, cuja parte mais importante da vida passou nessas
inóspitas ilhas. Mas é curioso ver a apropriação da história fazer
parte do jogo político, no arquipélago e em Buenos Aires, até os dias
de hoje.

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