Malvinas, a eterna novela, no cinema

Sylvia Colombo

A pacata população das ilhas Malvinas (Falklands para os britânicos) vai às urnas domingo responder se prefere seguir sob domínio britânico ou se quer rediscutir seu status. O resultado é previsível, e a adesão à Inglaterra deve predominar. A partir de amanhã, este blog estará no arquipélago, contando os bastidores da votação, mas, principalmente, tentando contar histórias sobre como se vive nesse curioso enclave britânico em pleno Atlântico Sul. Enquanto não chego lá, segue uma lista de bons filmes que discutem a eterna celeuma sobre a soberania das ilhas, mas do ponto de vista dos dramas pessoais.

 

 

“Resurrected”, Paul Greengrass

Reino Unido, 1989

Primeiro filme do mesmo diretor de “Ultimato Bourne”, conta a história verdadeira de um jovem soldado britânico (David Thewlis), que ficou vagando pelas ilhas por sete semanas depois do fim da guerra. Desconfia-se que ele possa ser um desertor, mas o rapaz alega que teve uma amnésia e durante esse tempo ficou buscando o caminho de volta à base, sem nunca ter encontrado.

No retorno ao vilarejo de onde veio, na Inglaterra, enfrenta a desconfiança dos amigos, da namorada e passa por seguidas humilhações entre os colegas. Greengrass assume claramente uma posição antibélica e, através do sofrimento do soldado que não consegue provar sua inocência, expõe as contradições e a brutalidade de seus companheiros de Exército e de seus familiares, que cada um a seu modo o condenam e o punem.

 

“Tumbledown”, Richard Broke

Reino Unido, 1988

Menos contundente que o filme de Greengrass, esta produção da BBC, vista por mais de 10 milhões de pessoas no Reino Unido, traz o badalado Colin Firth no papel do soldado que volta semi-inválido da guerra das Malvinas. O rapaz, jovem comandante de uma tropa, não se conforma com seu estado físico e com o fato de a guerra terminar sem glória pessoal para ele. Questiona a Coroa e o Exército.

Há boas cenas de conflito, e a sequência em que ele mata um soldado argentino que resistiu a seus tiros, apunhalando-o diversas vezes, é um retrato da incompreensão de ambos os lados.

“Iluminados pelo Fogo”, Tristán Bauer

Argentina, 2005

A situação dos veteranos de guerra argentinos que cometem suicídio é um capítulo à parte na Guerra das Malvinas. Hoje, já se contabiliza mais de 350 casos, de acordo com associações de ex-combatentes. Assim, são mais mortos por suicídio do que os que caíram em combate _se não contarmos os 500 tripulantes do navio Belgrano, afundado pelos ingleses.

É sobre esse tema que se debruça Tristán Bauer, contando a história de um trio de soldados. Nos dias de hoje, um deles acaba de se suicidar, e Esteban Leguizamón (Gaston Pauls), o único sobrevivente do grupo, vai a seu encontro. O terceiro deles morreu em batalha. As cenas dos diálogos dos três, ainda garotos, como soldados na trincheira, são o ponto alto do filme.

“Um Conto Chinês”, Sergio Borenzstein

Argentina, 2011

A comédia estrelada por Ricardo Darín foi sucesso de bilheteria no Brasil e na Argentina. Na verdade, a Guerra das Malvinas só aparece perto do final, mas é o que explica o comportamento violento e misantropo do protagonista.

Roberto trabalha numa loja de ferragens e é um solitário veterano que voltou traumatizado da guerra e tem de acolher um chinês que se perdeu em Buenos Aires sem falar uma palavra em castelhano.

A fixação de Roberto por histórias absurdas que coleciona dos jornais é uma crítica bem-humorada da espécie de delírio coletivo em que a sociedade argentina entrou nos anos 1980 quando apoio a retomada do arquipélago através da força.

“A Dama de Ferro”, Phyllida Loyd

Reino Unido, 2012

No ano do aniversário de 30 anos da guerra, esta produção estrelada por Meryl Streep mostra, entre outras coisas, as reuniões em Londres nas quais se decidiu que o Reino Unido responderia ao ataque argentino. A cena mais impressionante é que a mostra Thatcher decidindo o futuro do barco Belgrano, afundado pelos ingleses com mais de 500 soldados argentinos à bordo: “Sink it!”, ordena a dama-de-ferro.

 

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