A ponte da discórdia

Sylvia Colombo

Passei uns dias na badalada costa uruguaia, que no verão vira ponto de encontro de celebridades, artistas e endinheirados em geral, principalmente argentinos, uruguaios e, cada vez com mais frequência, brasileiros. A história que mais me chamou a atenção foi a polêmica da ponte da Laguna Garzón, porque guarda muitas semelhanças com relação ao modo como progresso e sustentabilidade caminham na costa brasileira.

A Laguna Garzón é um cenário deslumbrante, ao lado da exclusiva praia de José Ignacio, que virou o lugar mais hype dos arredores de Punta del Este. Divide dois departamentos (Estados) uruguaios, Rocha e Maldonado. Hoje, o transporte de um lado para outro é feito por meio de precárias balsas de madeira, que por seu tamanho e frequência reduzidos, acabam fazendo com que seja trabalhoso cruzar e, com isso, deixam o lado de lá mais desértico, e mais belo.

Nos últimos anos, porém, empresários do meio imobiliário começaram a propor que se construísse uma ponte para facilitar o acesso. Entre os que comandam essa iniciativa está o criador do Malba (Museo de Arte Latinoamericano de Buenos Aires), o argentino Eduardo Costantini, mais conhecido entre os brasileiros por ser o comprador da tela “Abaporu”, de Tarsila do Amaral.

Desde então, vários projetos surgiram, alguns mais, outros menos agressivos ao ambiente. Acabou sendo escolhido o do arquiteto Rafael Viñoly, autor de alguns desenhos famosos no Uruguai, como o do aeroporto de Carrasco, em Montevidéu.

Grupos de moradores e comerciantes da área são contra. Dizem que a ponte causará uma ocupação imobiliária desenfreada na região, além de causar impacto na fauna local. Desde 2009, quando surgiu o projeto, vêm aparecendo nos meios para pedir ajuda contra o empreendimento. “Para mim a ponte é um erro porque, se alcança um dos objetivos de realçar esse lugar, o impacto visual é muito grande e escapa ao racional”, diz Guzmán Artagaveytia, um dos proprietários do La Huella, o mais importante restaurante de José Ignacio. As reclamações contra a ponte incluem desde habitantes da região a políticos de esquerda e direita, como o senador Pedro Bordaberry, que acusou o governo da Frente Ampla, do presidente José “Pepe” Mujica de estar fazendo demasiadas concessões à indústria do turismo.

O projeto prevê uma ponte circular apoiada em 16 pilares, que permitem a navegação por baixo dela e, segundo o arquiteto, a livre circulação da água e dos peixes. A iluminação será baixa, na tentativa de causar o menor impacto visual possível, e não será permitido o trânsito de veículos pesados.

Apesar das pesadas críticas, o projeto foi aprovado pelo órgão responsável pelo ambiente no Uruguai, a construção deve começar em julho e o custo, de cerca de US$ 5 milhões, deve ser financiado por Costantini.

O turismo hoje responde a 8% do PIB do pequeno Uruguai. Segundo Mujica, trata-se da “galinha dos ovos de ouro” do país. O problema é que, para incrementar essa indústria, o presidente, seu partido e as autoridades locais, ligadas a ele, não têm levado em consideração a opinião dos habitantes. Na tarde da última terça-feira, caminhando por José Ignacio em direção à Lagoa, conversei com um casal de italianos que vem todos os anos ao Uruguai para passar as férias. “Se o Uruguai quer parecer a Florida, é bom ter claro que mudará o público que o frequenta, sem agradar quem mora aqui. É bom pensar bem”.

 

 

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