Rádio de guerra
A guerra de informação é um recurso antigo usado em guerras, ainda mais se estas ocorrem em lugares distantes e isolados, como é o caso das Ilhas Malvinas. Quando estive lá, em fevereiro do ano passado, para reportar sobre o aniversário de 30 anos do fim do conflito entre Inglaterra e Argentina, conheci uma das principais figuras das ilhas, o radialista Patrick Watts, que havia mantido a rádio local no ar e narrou o desembarque dos argentinos no arquipélago e a chegada dos soldados argentinos, até que um deles prostrou-se diante da própria porta do estúdio.
“maximizar o uso da rádio para desmoralizar as tropas argentinas; reforçar entre os soldados a sensação de isolamento e reduzir sua vontade de resistir a ataques”, informe do ministério da Defesa britânico, Rádio do Atlântico Sul.
Apesar de anti-argentino e opositor empedernido da guerra, Watts tinha carinho pelos soldados que ali chegavam. Os tratava bem, e tinha pena do modo como haviam sido atirados a essa guerra injusta. Logo, porém, sua rádio foi tomada pelos interesses argentinos e passou a transmitir propaganda anti-britânica.
Mas houve outros casos de usos das linhas do rádio. E um deles surge agora dos documentos secretos revelados pelo governo ingles, em Londres. Um deles conta a história da instalação da Rádio del Atlantico Sul, uma tentativa de desmoralizar as tropas argentinas e fazerem-nas perceber que perdiam a guerra. Com equipamentos da BBC e mão de obra profissional, transmitiam em espanhol no final da tarde e à noite. A ideia era pegar desocupados os militares depois de seus dias de atividades. Transmitiam notícias parciais da guerra, que davam conta do avanço inglês, mas também davam notícias de suas províncias natais, geralmente pontos distantes da Argentina, para evocar a nostalgia e o sentimentalismo. Também os resultados das partidas de futebol, locais e internacionais. Além disso, falava-se do deterioramento das condições de assistência de saúde e da falta de comida, além do avanço do frio, à medida em que o inverno ia dando as caras.
Segundo os informes, a ideia da rádio era “usar a credibilidade alcançada na etapa anterior para que os soldados argentinos duvidem antes de disparar às tropas britânicas e para que comecem a considerar os benefícios de rebelar-se e entregar-se.”
No livro “Em Busca de Penélope”, o jornalista argentino radicado na Espanha Roberto Herrsher, que passou longo tempo na ilha internado num barco que fazia vigília da costa, fala da influência das rádios, comenta o fato de serem parciais, mas ainda assim importantes, por serem o único fio que ligava os soldados ao que acontecia fora.
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