México, tempo de trégua
Estive no México em duas ocasiões neste ano. A primeira, em julho, para cobrir as eleições nas quais o priísta Enrique Peña Nieto saiu vitorioso. A segunda, agora, para acompanhar a Feira Internacional do Livro de Guadalajara, maior evento das letras latino-americanas, que ocorre na capital do estado de Jalisco.
Durante a minha primeira passagem, fiquei bastante impressionada com o movimento “YoSoy132”, que reuniu jovens universitários que se posicionaram contra a candidatura de Peña Nieto. De um colorido e um vigor ímpares, os integrantes do grupo tomaram as ruas das principais cidades do país, em especial as da Cidade do México, conhecida como D.F.
Suas bandeiras eram muito claras: denunciar os superpoderes e a corrupção do grupo Televisa, pedir justiça pelo massacre de Atlacomulco, pelo qual Peña Nieto é responsabilizado, o fim da guerra contra o narcotráfico e maior transparência do governo. A principal, porém, era opor-se à candidatura de Peña Nieto.
Seu movimento ganhou volume e influência, sendo responsável por incluir esses temas nas agendas dos candidatos, que passaram a abordá-los em discursos, e forçando um terceiro debate, mais informal, que permitiu conhecer melhor os postulantes. O único que não se comoveu com eles foi Enrique Peña Nieto. E o clima de enfrentamento entre jovens x governo, se acirrou desde então.
Lembro-me de uma tarde de julho, às vésperas da votação, em que os estudantes programaram um ato para a Praça da Revolução. Entre outras coisas, promoveram a queima e a destruição de um boneco gigante de Peña Nieto.
Seguramente, essa eleição não teria sido a mesma se não fosse por eles e pela insistência de que se fossem discutidos esses temas candentes. Também é verdade que suas marchas coloridas e criativas deram vida e projeção à eleição diante da mídia internacional. Porém, a violência de seus atos e símbolos deveria ser mais contida e melhor endereçada. Nada justifica queimar ou destruir a imagem de uma pessoa. Daí a partir para um ato violento de verdade, não parece haver muita distância.
Um pouco mais disso, infelizmente, vi agora, nessa minha segunda passagem. No dia da posse de Peña Nieto houve enfrentamento de jovens e polícia. Por mais que o “YoSoy132” tenha tentado desvincular-se do ocorrido, foi confirmado que os jovens estavam ligados ao grupo. Houve quatro feridos, um deles ainda está em estado grave.
A rejeição à Peña Nieto tem razão de ser. Político autoritário, um neo-caudilho com relações duvidosas com a Televisa e um passado que não fala bem de sua capacidade de administrar crises durante sua atuação como governador. Além disso, representa um partido responsável por muito atraso no México, além de ser um dos campeões de corrupção e de manipulação de resultados das urnas.
Isso, porém, não justifica os episódios de violência, e seria hora de os movimentos progressistas pensarem em dar-lhe uma trégua, ou pelo menos que o deixassem começar a apresentar suas propostas de governo. Afinal, os desafios que o esperam são grandes: manter o país na linha do crescimento, combater o crime organizado, incluir os mais de 50 milhões de pobres e outros.
Fazer isso sem o apoio do Congresso –o PRI não tem maioria– e com uma multidão nas ruas reclamando, não será fácil. Por mais objeções que se façam a seu nome, é fato que Peña Nieto ganhou nas urnas, numa eleição em que, mesmo que haja havido problemas na contagem dos votos, foi ganha com ampla e indiscutida margem.
Para continuar orgulhando-se da estabilidade institucional que alcançou nos últimos anos, o México precisa deixar Peña Nieto, pelo menos, começar a governar. Ao “YoSoy132”, seria uma bela lição de maturidade começar a colocar suas propostas no papel, formalizá-las e, quem sabe, estruturar-se como partido ou como uma organização melhor desenhada. O quadro político mexicano só teria a ganhar com esse novo, jovem e vigoroso membro da oposição entrando no jogo de forças.
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