Argentina, ou a vida numa bolha
A Argentina é um país encantador e cheio de gente interessante, uma cultura literária e musical intensa e vibrante, e Buenos Aires é uma cidade agradável, de linda arquitetura. Na verdade, a lista de atributos é muito grande e, desde que cheguei aqui para viver, em julho de 2011, me surpreendo positivamente com várias coisas.
Mas é preciso dizer que há algumas características gerais –não estou falando de exceções– que irritam. Ou melhor, que até contaminam e te fazem achar normal certas coisas. Por sorte, saio seguidamente do país e, a cada viagem, fica mais fácil constatar: o argentino médio é provinciano e não dá bola para o mundo. Pior, em muitos casos, odeia o mundo e acha que ele só existe para tirar daqui suas riquezas e maravilhas.
Podemos começar, por exemplo, pelos noticiários e pela TV. Se você consumir apenas os jornais, programas e sites argentinos, pouco ficará sabendo do que acontece na Síria, na Líbia, em Israel, até mesmo no Brasil, o vizinho e principal parceiro comercial da Argentina. Com exceção da eleição norte-americana, e mesmo esta foi só um pouco mais ampla que as outras notícias internacionais, tudo o que acontece lá fora interessa pouco, ou é usado para reforçar um nacionalismo tipo torcedor, em alguns casos pode-se dizer primitivo.
O mundo das artes, por sua vez, tem cada vez menos variedade. Os cinemas de arte tornaram-se raros, os livros importados têm dificuldade para entrar, a música de fora vem menos porque a situação econômica não permite a vinda de shows e concertos como no antigamente.
Talvez a origem disso tudo esteja no passado colonial, nos tempos em que a Argentina era um rincão afastado do império espanhol, onde tanto as ideias como a comida e as roupas tinham muita dificuldade em chegar. Desenvolveu-se, então, um sistema de sobrevivência baseado na autoafirmação do caráter nacional.
Some-se a isso as dificuldades econômicas do presente e o autoritarismo de um governo essencialmente nacionalista, e temos uma mistura bastante difícil de engolir.
O isolamento mais o nacionalismo têm efeitos nocivos. É uma característica forte no argentino a ideia de que o que vem de fora não é nunca para ajudar ou para somar, mas sim para estragar, aproveitar, levar embora.
É difícil entender porque o discurso do governo kirchnerista é tão eficiente se não tomarmos em conta esses elementos. É quase uma fórmula, que o governo usa com habilidade já há algum tempo.
Na época do aniversário dos 30 anos da Guerra das Malvinas, foi assim. Cristina apelou para o nacionalismo e o ódio ao império britânico –mesmos elementos usados antes na ditadura– para fazer renascer nos argentinos a reivindicação pelas ilhas. Perdida essa batalha, usou a receita para expropriar a YPF. Os espanhóis foram retratados como exploradores, seu passado colonial reavivado. Resultado, a medida teve amplo apoio tanto da direita como da esquerda.
Recentemente, tivemos o caso da Fragata Liberdade, embarcação retida no porto de Tema, em Gana, por determinação da Justiça daquele país atendendo a um pedido de um “fundo abutre” norte-americano para quem a Argentina deve.
Na ocasião, Cristina apelou novamente ao anti-estrangeirismo médio do argentino, disse que “podiam ficar com nossa fragata, mas não com nossa soberania”. O detalhe é que não se trata de um ataque ao país, apenas a cobrança de uma dívida não paga.
Agora, o mesmo está sendo dito com relação à decisão do juiz Tomas Griesa que obriga o país a pagar suas dívidas com credores norte-americanos até o dia 15 de dezembro. Transformando um problema grave em arma para fortalecer seu relato, o kirchnerismo tenta capitalizar apoio atirando contra os “fundos abutre” que vêm do exterior com a única intenção de prejudicar a Argentina.
É claro que estou fazendo uma generalização, e parte da cultura do país é cosmopolita e aberta, não poderia ser diferente numa cidade que nasceu em torno de um porto.
Porém, nos dias de hoje, quando se contrapõe a Argentina nacionalista, voltada para o próprio umbigo, à Argentina aberta e moderna, tão famosa no começo do século 20, esta segunda parece estar fora de moda, sufocada pela primeira. O espírito dos tempos kirchneristas reforça a divisão, a manutenção das fronteiras e o entrincheiramento do país diante dos outros, até dos vizinhos, como o Brasil.
O atual governo está fazendo um uso político negativo de um aspecto caráter nacional para levar o país à contramão do mundo e dos tempos. Uma pena.
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