Elena Poniatowska, a cronista do Massacre de Tlatelolco

Sylvia Colombo

O primeiro fim de semana da 26a edição da Feira Internacional do Livro de Guadalajara terminou com uma homenagem a Elena Poniatowska. Aos 80 anos, sorridente e serena, a escritora participou de mesas, brindou a memória do amigo Carlos Fuentes, morto há seis meses, para por fim, na tarde deste domingo, sentar-se para ouvir anedotas e casos de sua própria vida contados por intelectuais amigos.

Poniatowska vem de uma família nobre polonesa. Seu verdadeiro nome é, nada menos, que Hélène Elizabeth Louise Amélie Paula Dolores Poniatowska Amor, descendente de um rei polonês. Nascida em Paris, veio com a família durante a Segunda Guerra e adotou o México como seu país. Desde muito jovem, começou a dedicar-se ao jornalismo, para depois envolver-se também com a ficção.

Pouquíssimo traduzida e conhecida no Brasil, Poniatowska é figura-chave no meio da intelectualidade mexicana. Começou escrevendo crônicas com um pseudônimo, “Heléne”, nos anos 50, mas logo passou a se interessar por temas sociais. Seu trabalho mais conhecido foi a cobertura do Massacre de Tlatelolco, um massacre contra estudantes mobilizados na Praça das Três Culturas, na Cidade do México, em 1968. O episódio, ocorrido a apenas dez dias dos Jogos Olímpicos daquele ano, deixou uma cifra de mortos sobre a qual não há consenso, de 200 a mais de mil, e marcou uma ruptura importante entre o PRI (Partido Revolucionário Institucional) e a sociedade.

Poniatowska lançou seu livro em 1971, um misto de crônica e análise do ocorrido. Trata-se, hoje, de uma referência do jornalismo latino-americano. Na FIL, ganhará lançamento de uma reedição, com novas fotos e adendos, a ser apresentada e autorafada pela própria autora, hoje, a partir das 18h.

A autora segue ativa nas discussões políticas do país. Depois de envolver-se no conflito de Chiapas e nas campanhas eleitorais pela Presidência ao lado do esquerdista Andrés Manuel López Obrador, Poniatowska agora está em campanha contra o presidente eleito do México, Enrique Peña Nieto, que toma posse no próximo sábado.

Peña Nieto passou pela FIL em 2011 e deu vexame. Ao ser perguntado sobre os três livros que haviam sido essenciais em sua vida, disse que não se lembrava de nenhum. Poniatowska, em sua fala de ontem, lembrou o episódio e disse que o eleito não tinha capacidade nem legitimidade de assumir o cargo. Para o final da semana, a autora tem programados atos na Cidade do México ao lado de outros intelectuais que defendem que a eleição de Peña Nieto foi fraudulenta e que deveria haver uma recontagem de votos.

O único livro em catálogo de Poniatowska no Brasil é “A Pele do Céu”, lançado há mais de dez anos pela editora Objetiva. O desconhecimento de sua obra no Brasil é mais um desses deslizes imperdoáveis de nosso mercado editorial. Além do trabalho sobre Tlatelolco, merecem atenção seus textos sobre a pintora Frida Kahlo e a fotógrafa Tina Modotti, além das coletâneas de entrevistas com nomes da cultura e personalidades mexicanas e ensaios, “Palavras Cruzadas” e “Todo México”.

 

 

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