Literatura de guerra

Sylvia Colombo

Uma balsa contendo corpos congelados de soldados mortos na Guerra das Malvinas é encontrada na Antártida, 25 anos depois do conflito. Os náufragos estavam à bordo do navio Belgrano, afundado pelos ingleses num dos momentos mais trágicos do conflito. Só na embarcação, morreram 323 soldados, das 649 vítimas fatais argentinas do episódio, que completou 30 anos em abril.

Esse é o mote de “Sobreviventes”, novela que acaba de receber o prêmio Clarín e que será lançada no mercado hispano-americano no começo de dezembro, ainda sem previsão para o Brasil. Em entrevista à Folha, seu autor, o jornalista e romancista Fernando Monacelli, 45, disse que há um diálogo entre seu romance e a literatura sobre a guerra, como por exemplo, com a novela “Os Pichiciegos”, de Rodolfo Fogwill. “Em ambos o soldado é o centro”, explica.

Para Monacelli, quando se fala em Malvinas, assim como quando se discute o terrorismo ou as crises econômicas, os indivíduos ficam esquecidos em nome de um drama abstrato, e sua obra é uma tentativa de ver através dos olhos dos soldados. “Falar da guerra é uma injustiça contra os que estiveram nela. No caso das Malvinas, não se sabe dizer o nome de um soldado, de um herói, muitos estão enterrados sem identificação”, diz.

Na trama, descobre-se que um dos mortos deixou a namorada grávida na Argentina. Começa, então, a reconstrução da vida da criança, realizada pela avó com a ajuda de uma jornalista. O romance atravessa a crise político-econômica de 2001 e discute os embates do jornalismo na Argentina contemporânea. Monacelli é ele mesmo diretor de redação de um jornal de Bahia Blanca, “La Nueva Província”.

“O romance faz uma analogia entre a ideia dos náufragos com a de que somos todos sobreviventes de processos sociais, de grandes processos trágicos, com a história da Argentina como pano de fundo”, explica.

O Prêmio Clarín chega à sua 15a edição. Os jurados neste ano foram a escritora argentina Claudia Piñeiro, o peruano Santiago Roncagliolo e o espanhol Juan Cruz.

 

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