Apagando Ernesto Sabato

Sylvia Colombo

A Argentina foi vanguarda no julgamento dos repressores da ditadura dos anos 70 e por isso merece ser amplamente aplaudida. Assim que o regime militar terminou, em 1983, começaram as movimentações que levaram ao tribunal as juntas responsáveis pela repressão, tortura e morte de cerca de 30 mil pessoas, segundo estimativas de entidades de direitos humanos.

Hoje, já foram realizados mais de 700 julgamentos e estão presos os mais importantes personagens relacionados ao caso. O principal exemplo é o do general Jorge Rafael Videla, que aos 86 anos cumpre pena de prisão perpétua num cárcere comum.

 

O documento que tornou possível todo esse processo, porém, está no eixo de uma polêmica. Trata-se do relatório “Nunca Mais”, que trazia a lista dos cerca de 8 mil casos de desaparecidos levantados pela Conadep (Comissão Nacional sobre a Desaparição de Pessoas). O prólogo do informe era assinado pelo escritor Ernesto Sabato, morto em 2011. Nele, o autor de “Sobre Heróis e Tumbas” contextualizava a violência do período e defendia a chamada “teoria dos dois demônios”, segundo a qual teria havido uma guerra civil na Argentina. Apareciam como responsáveis pela violência não apenas o Estado repressor, mas também os montoneros e militantes de esquerda que promoveram atos criminosos contra a sociedade.

Essa interpretação não agrada em nada o atual governo. Segundo o relato kirchnerista dos anos 70, a ditadura foi uma guerra entre bons e maus em que as vítimas eram heróis imaculados. Obviamente, tem razão ao reforçar que é muito mais sério e indesculpável que o Estado exerça o terror a partir de seus próprios meios e mobilize as Forças Armadas contra a população. Trata-se de um crime injustificado e que atenta contra a humanidade. Por outro lado, não parece correto omitir que os montoneros não eram violentos. A Argentina da época do golpe era conturbada, com bombas e tiroteios provocados pela guerrilha que resultaram, entre outras coisas, em mortes de civis.

Pois a Secretaria de Direitos Humanos tem uma visão parcial do que ocorreu, e divulga certa narrativa da história de forma a reforçar os horrores do Estado e esconder os crimes da guerrilha. Para o governo, a “teoria dos dois demônios” não é conveniente. Os kirchneristas gostam de referir-se aos derrotados dos anos 70 como heróis dos quais eles são agora os herdeiros diretos. Por tanto esses heróis devem ser retratados de forma romântica e positiva.

A primeira tentativa de apagar Sábato e sua interpretação dos fatos se deu em 2006, quando saiu uma nova edição do “Nunca Mais”, com algumas diferenças. Primeiro, a lista de desaparecidos foi aumentada. Não incluia apenas os mortos pela ação direta da repressão como também vítimas de tiroteios e outras situações de violência. É famoso o caso de Alicia Camp, que em 1972 morreu enquanto montava uma bomba que explodiu por acidente. Seu nome foi incluído na lista de vítimas da ditadura. O documento permitiu que mais gente se apresentasse como candidato a receber as altas indenizações distribuídas pelo Estado.

Depois, tratou-se de “esconder” o prólogo de Sábato. Ele seguiu na edição, mas ficou para um segundo plano. O prólogo principal passou a ser um texto da própria Secretaria de Direitos Humanos, com uma interpretação bastante kirchnerista da violência. Agora, sai uma nova edição que omite a assinatura de Sábato.

A comunidade de defesa dos direitos humanos e a dos escritores se levantou contra a arbitrariedade. Em um artigo no jornal “La Nación” (“Roubar os Mortos”), Magdalena Ruiz Guiñazú, jornalista e integrante da Conadep revoltou-se, lembrando o ato de coragem que foi assinar o texto: “Suprimir desse processo o nome de Ernesto Sabato é simplesmente roubar-lhe uma tarefa assumida com enorme responsabilidade em anos em que as Forças Armadas tinham ainda um grande poder (recordemos os golpes da Semana Santa, Villa Martelli, La Tablada, etc).”

Já Graciela Fernández Meijide, também integrante da Conadep e que perdeu um filho na repressão, afirmou: “Desconhecer uma pessoa como Sabato, que aguentou pressões, que nos deu coragem, é um absurdo”, diz.

Para o jornalista Ceferino Reato, autor de “Operação Primícia”, o debate é incômodo para os grandes meios, “porque os faz ver que foram omissos e que estavam do lado da ditadura durante o período”. Reato reforça que o governo está sendo bastante pragmático e direto, por um lado, tem a intenção de facilitar o acesso a grandes montos de indenização a mais gente para ampliar o apoio que tem dos setores de direitos humanos, por outro, reforçar a ideia de que são “herdeiros de heróis, que perderam nos anos 70, mas estão ganhando agora”.

A Secretaria de Direitos Humanos tem grandes méritos ao impulsionar a busca pela verdade e pelos julgamentos dos repressores. Porém, sua atuação é parcial e incompleta. Não contempla todas as vítimas da violência de Estado ao, por exemplo, não considerar os crimes da Triple A (força paraestatal comandada pelo peronismo) e ao não ser transparente em sua política de indenizações.

A “teoria dos dois demônios” é incômoda e indigesta, mas foi proposta por um intelectual valente que tinha muita clareza sobre o que estava acontecendo no calor dos acontecimentos, o que não é algo comum. Polêmica, discutível, tudo isso é verdade. Mas apagar Sabato definitivamente não é a saída. Melhor seria submeter suas ideias a uma cobertura e um debate mais crítico, menos ideologizado, mais plural e menos baseado em sentimentos de vingança. A memória argentina, com tudo isso, ganharia muito, e certamente haveria mais paz no ambiente de cisões estabelecido na sociedade hoje.

 

 

 

Comentários

  1. I would like to express some appreciation to the writer for bailing me out of such a scenario. As a result of browsing throughout the world wide web and getting basics that were not productive, I assumed my entire life was done. Being alive devoid of the strategies to the difficulties you have solved all through this post is a serious case, as well as the ones that might have in a negative way affected my entire career if I hadn’t encountered your blog post. That training and kindness in dealing with every part was excellent. I don’t know what I would have done if I had not discovered such a point like this. I am able to at this moment look ahead to my future. Thanks for your time very much for your specialized and effective guide. I will not think twice to propose your blog post to any person who should get counselling about this problem.

  3. If the accusation is actually phony, Romney can easily prove it bogus. Almost all they have to try and do is definitely discharge their income tax. Often Romney is actually camouflaging a thing, or perhaps they considers obstinacy is actually a far more presidential feature in comparison with visibility and credibility. In any event, she has wrongly recognized.
    ralph lauren pour enfant http://www.cjaairportservices.fr/polo-ralph-laur/

  4. Also, in relation to doing traditional a back up, it is undoubtedly an understanding. But that won’t assist Sparring floor Honan in case the substitute as well as scarier situation happenned: The simple fact that the particular online hackers murdered his or her gadgets is not really the particular worst that may transpire. No less than Cushion realized he is hacked a short while right after staying sacrificed. What in the event the cyber criminals ended up far more devious? They would get invisible the fact that your dog is hacked as well as slowly and gradually gather his or her identity facts within a long period of your time. With such confidentially compromised id info, the cyber-terrorist would have slowly and gradually ruined his / her life (eg borrow money in his brand, devote criminal activity together with his personality, employ his / her current account as being a espadrille bear in mind that laundering). It will likely be far more hard to pass though this kind of ‘slow‘ hack. In this kind of option scenario, backup copies would not preserve him or her. He can have a much much more diabolical difficulty!
    louisvuittonoutleta09.com/wp-admin http://www.louisvuittonoutleta09.com/wp-admin

  7. Properly, the ipad definitely lacks many vital characteristics. Nevertheless seriously I do believe Apple company did that deliberately to ensure that with six months perhaps they might simply release a new in addition to current apple ipad tablet. They are an exceptionally clever corporation and get an idea with regard to every little thing. . -= Url Building’s continue weblog… Purchase. edu Backlinks: How to Get. edu Inbound links coming from. edu Websites =-.
    ralph lauren uk logo kentucky http://outlet.brewhousesb.com/cheap-ralph-lauren/ralph-lauren-uk-logo-kentucky.html

  8. I changed our username and password without delay as i learned vizgin was a fraud… I cautioned the many men and women on my mate listing regarding it. The idea got brought to me personally through anyone in the Google buddy collection… these people were authorized down. I am hoping they will did not get cheated. It has the a new humiliation folks would likely do that.
    baily button uggs http://www.pmlfca.org/cheap-ugg-outlet/baily-button-uggs.html

  13. Cheers a good deal for spreading this system those of you you actually know very well what you’re conversing roughly! Saved. Kindly in addition review using my web site =). We could actually have got a hyperlink alternative contract involving us hi there!, I prefer your creating quite definitely! ratio we communicate more your own personal write-up upon AMERICA ONLINE? I want a professional about this room to fix our trouble. Possibly that is definitely an individual! Taking a look toward peer a person.
    ugg austrialia http://www.labels-n-more.com/ugg-boots-on-sale/ugg-austrialia.html

  16. Sherri Now i am searching for a strategy to take photographs offmy iphone 3gs photography container as well as set these upon mymy i pad2 photograph container help My partner and i did not remember our pass word and seemed to be wanting to know when there has been at any rate to reset button the item if We can input arched roof protection concerns in the event it occurs again I have a tendency want to drop this pics inside it so please assist me to SINCE thanks One more thing We have observed is obviously in which for most people, misaligned credit rating will be the response to situations above their manage. For instance they could actually are saddled by having an condition so they really genuinely have abnormal costs about to choices. It will be due to a job loss or failure to work. Oftentimes breakup or even separating can easily really send often the economical instances inside the unwelcome course. Thank you revealing your opinions for this website.
    ugg retro cargo boots http://countryclubdowney.com/ugg-boots/ugg-retro-cargo-boots.html

  17. Great site you have here nevertheless I got wondering when you learned involving just about any user discussion forums that concentrate in making exactly the same issues referred right here? We would really like to become a section of party just where We can acquire opinions from the other skilled individuals that talk about precisely the same interest. In case you have any recommendations, remember to time to share realize. Thank you so much!

  18. What are you stating, man? I realize everyones got their own viewpoint, but really? Listen, your weblog is cool. I like the efforts you put into it, specifically with the vids and the pics. But, come on. Theres gotta be a better way to say this, a way that doesnt make it seem like everyone here is stupid!

  21. I hesitation this is actually the location in this, but… I have trouble with the current the laws of copyright, i assume that just how the latest approach to federal government utilizes lobbying is a source of the idea. Our legal guidelines do not equally guard everyone, many people simply protect often the passions of the rich few. Can there be certainly not getting to improve the way in which things are? Precisely what number from the populace is usually beat up just before true alter can be pressed that occurs? All of our rules are actually contorted in addition to garbled to profit a new abundant small section. Example: I’m any terrain surveyor. My children spent some time working to do surveys for those to get 40 years. We are always wager really competitively sometimes falling in value to get work opportunities expecting that people would cause each of our profits insurance firms often the files so we would get the work with future research in addition to having the capacity to do these very easily by only modernizing exactly what advice many of us previously acquired about data file. This similar system of lawmaking that is definitely shielding the actual RIAA is definitely letting the title marketplace yet others which have been amassing replicates of our reviews to help deliver them how to persons taking affidavits to get closings applying each of our work for their own income and excluding us all from creating wealth for the individual perspire job along with function. What exactly disturbs myself many regarding this is always that, eventually, we will see a lawsuit with a customer survey we did ages before, that was useful for the later concluding in opposition to the will certainly and also the surfaces will probably part towards us for the career many of us didn’t perhaps receive money with regard to. Toy trucks prepared most people inside govt requesting help in some way just to get inerte web template replies or any answer back in any respect. Romans got the item a great deal better 2000 years back. Good many of us live in some sort of democracy, nevertheless We worry it isn’t obviously any good republic. All of us election to set several Republicans or even Democrats throughout govt, and then have each of our legal guidelines written and reformed to learn a new prosperous fraction, through lobbyists financed by means of along with symbolizing any rich handful of. This specific very same authorities most of us voted for puts a minimal top priority about the desires of the vast majority, inside opinion that wealthy not many are a lot more clever as well as more worthwhile versus the vast majority. I’m frightened each of our administration is now many a great Aristocracy.
    Louis Vuitton Outlet http://godhopmovement.com

  26. Many thanks that publish, it absolutely was worthwhile. downloaded 40D not long ago and found precisely how sluggish every thing has been. then just now acquired cyberhawk explaine to me of a software logging me along with binged it (just kidding, i googled it) kservice and kontiki… Have uninstalled the nearly useless 4oD this didn’t provide myself whatever i want to to observe until i had been spending money for it and experienced the particular oral cavity to be able to continually run in addition to draw in my very own memory space! boo to be able to 4od
    louisvuittonhandbags69.com/wp-admin http://www.louisvuittonhandbags69.com/wp-admin

  28. inside Songza brief description you claim we could in the renaissance regarding web 2 . 0.. btw indicates “rebirth” and to my very own knowledge web 2 . 0 is fairly completely new, thus causeing the any genesis or wave. I’m sorry as a cool that will pointed which out.

  29. Due to ()z by March twenty second. Yes functioned a goody in addition to stored us a large amount of looking at in addition to browsing. I must say I failed to understand their own uploads/downloads will be p2p. We run peerguardian and a couple ip’s held arriving (blocked admittedly). These folks were BSky B with 193. 195. 115. 136 and Transmitting Mass media about 193. 114. 117. 134. They’re both equally gone right now consequently very happy thanks. We have no worries along with Sky for this issue genuinely although a lot of the populace genuinely wouldn’t can locate the deal ore even realize there is a challenge. Anyway, thanks for the support I use just found out Kservice hanging out on my unit right after trying to move Atmosphere By Broadband in one equipment to a new. In order to admit I had formed event to help wedding ring Atmosphere tech help support several times along the way (and never have followed to do that yet). They are great persons however are relatively naive. A possibility they don’t cover Kontiki which pointed out on websites in which enroll in the particular services -it’s they will need ideas just how functions or perhaps how hard it truly is to uninistall it. I became instructed uninstalling SkY By BB was as simple as add/remove plans. It certainly is not, since Kontiki continues to be functioning aside. Often the technological assistance aren’t being dishonest, IMHO these people just can’t say for sure considerably. My partner and i suspect the particular probs I use experienced transporting SBB from one COMPUTER to a different are actually a result of the particular Kontiki software package still running in the networking. Now that I see how much difficulty Kontiki is always to remove Therefore i’m unsure merely desire to shift SBB at all Factors . just simply eliminate this.
    louis vuitton outlet http://www.luckyhuntingshirt.com

Comments are closed.