A lição de Trelew

Sylvia Colombo

A Argentina continua dando exemplo no que diz respeito aos julgamentos dos crimes dos seus violentos anos 70. Hoje, mais um deles  terminou, com a condenação de três repressores, Luis Sosa, Carlos Marandino e Emilio De Real, à prisão perpétua. O interessante desse caso, porém, é que o fato ocorreu antes do início da ditadura militar (1976-1983), portanto abriu um precedente para julgar casos relativos à violência ocorrida em tempos democráticos, antes de perpetrado o golpe.

O Massacre de Trelew ocorreu no dia 22 de agosto de 1972, nele morreram fuzilados 16 militantes de esquerda, detidos após tentar escapar da prisão de Rawson, na província de Chubut, na Patagônia. Os mortos faziam parte de diferentes agrupações políticas associadas de maneira inédita, entre elas estavam os montoneros, o ERP (Ejército Revolucionário del Pueblo) e as FAR (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionárias).

 

A Argentina vivia a ditadura do general Alejandro Agustín Lanusse (1971-1973), um período de grande violência política e social. Por um lado, os militantes de esquerda realizavam atentados e estruturavam-se como guerrilhas. De outro, começava a se armar um aparato de repressão que depois seria responsável por um imenso número de mortos _as estimativas variam entre 9 e 30 mil.

O plano de fuga foi elaborado depois de meses de reuniões sistemáticas e obsessivas, realizadas na gelada prisão patagônica. O plano inicial era sair dali com um grupo de 100 pessoas. Do lado de fora, companheiros trariam carros que levariam todos ao aeroporto de Trelew, de onde tomariam um avião da Aerolíneas Argentinas e embarcariam para o Chile. O destino final seria Cuba.

 

A operação fracassou, parte do grupo teve de viajar a bordo de táxis, mas chegou atrasado ao aeroporto. Os 19 que ainda tentavam escapar foram detidos no aeroporto e levados à base aeronaval Almirante Zar, em Trelew. Ali foram metralhados. Apenas três deles sobreviveram, Alberto Miguel Camps, María Antonia Berger e Ricardo René Haidar. Seu depoimento está em “La Patria Fusilada”, do escritor e militante Francisco Urondo.

A condenação dos repressores é uma boa notícia. Uma pena que ocorra nada menos do que 40 anos depois do crime. Ainda assim, a justiça sob o governo de Cristina Kirchner tem se mostrado exemplar quando se trata de levar ao banco dos réus aqueles que cometeram crimes de lesa humanidade. Um exemplo a ser observado e levado em consideração por vizinhos que passaram por experiências semelhantes.

 

 

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For anyone with a passing interest in the fashion industry, it’s worth a read for the name dropping alone.As became clear in the film, which chronicled the magazine’s staff as they put together the 4 pound September 2007 issue, Coddington is not the Anna Wintour or Diana Vreeland type. You won’t hear her barking orders at assistants or making dramatic pronouncements about pink.But she is equally passionate, a wild haired dreamer who thinks that fashion should be transporting, provocative and even intellectual, who bemoans the dominance of celebrities and digital hocus pocus in fashion photography and who isn’t afraid to take on Wintour.The book is a window into how fashion has changed from a small, niche business into a global pop culture medium. It chronicles Coddington’s 50 years in the industry, first as a model, then as a fashion editor for British Vogue and finally as creative director for American Vogue, with lots of juicy anecdotes about designers, photographers, celebrities and models.She compares the fashion world then and now and offers clues into her relationship with Wintour. She’s also open about her private life, including details about failed marriages, the tragic death of her sister Rosemary and her 30 year romance with French hairstylist Didier Malige. She tells colorful stories behind many of the fashion shoots she has styled, but I do wish she had offered more insight into her role in the creative process.Coddington begins by painting a picture of her upbringing as romantic as any photo shoot. For her first 18 years, her home was the Trearddur Bay Hotel on the island of Anglesey off the coast of North Wales. “Although it was bleak, I saw beauty in the bleakness.” When she wasn’t outdoors, she amused herself by looking at picture books, reading fairy tales and, yes, studying the pages of Vogue magazine. As a teen, she went to a convent school and has vivid memories of the nuns roller skating on the rooftop, “flapping about surreally in their robes like crows on wheels.”At 18, she moved to London to attend a modeling course advertised in Vogue. The fashion world was much different in 1959. Coddington had to learn how to apply her own makeup and style her own hair, because makeup artists and hairdressers specializing in photo shoots were nonexistent. A meeting with photographer Norman Parkinson led to her first modeling job running naked through the woods for an arty fashion catalog.Coddington became an overnight success. “I was a character, rather than a pretty model, and I suppose that’s exactly what I look for in the girls I now select to put in American Vogue the ones who are quirky looking.”She earned the nickname “The Cod” (to Jean Shrimpton’s “The Shrimp”), danced the twist on Mary Quant’s catwalk and became a muse to Vidal Sassoon, who created his famous five point cut on Coddington. Her modeling career was derailed for two years by a car accident, which scarred her left eyelid. But eventually things picked up again, and she settled into life in 1960s swinging London and Paris, hanging out with a fast crowd that included Michael Caine, Jane Birkin, the Beatles and the Rolling Stones.Her fashion editing career coincided with the beginning of her relationship with Michael Chow and the opening of his glamorous restaurant Mr. Chow, which attracted a starry crowd. “Naturally, we were forever being photographed at home, draped among our symbols of ‘with it ness’ as one of London’s most happening couples; him, the cool young restaurateur, nonchalantly swinging in a hammock hung from the minstrel’s gallery and me, the sophisticated style maker, perkily sitting cross legged atop a giant pop art version of a Campbell’s soup can.”At the height of the bohemian 1970s, she dyed her hair with henna and permed it (it would stay the same for much of the next 40 years), dressed almost exclusively in Yves Saint Laurent, had a fling with a Vietnamese photographer and spent her evenings at Club Sept in Paris. Coddington worked with the who’s who of fashion. She shot Anjelica Huston with photographer David Bailey and Pat Cleveland with Helmut Newton.When Bea Miller, who had edited British Vogue for 22 years, retired, Coddington interviewed for the job but says she knew deep down she wasn’t suited for it and thought that Wintour, then the creative director of American Vogue, should get it.Wintour did get it. Two days into her editorship, she invited Coddington to a screening of the racy film “Betty Blue.” The two sat in dead silence through the opening sequence, a vivid five minute sex scene.”Anna was rigid and unmoving. No sign of any emotion at all,” Coddington writes. “I then realized how much significance Anna places on willpower trumping feelings.”In 1988, when Wintour was appointed editor in chief at American Vogue, Coddington asked to join her. Coddington’s narrative style fashion features and travelogues, a sampling of which appear in the book, became the heart and soul of the magazine, even as its pages became increasingly taken over by celebrities. Through her visual canvases, she interpreted the New Romantic period, grunge and the South Beach blinged out 1990s, and persuaded superstar designers Tom Ford, Marc Jacobs and others to play roles in a shoot based on “Alice in Wonderland.”She sums up her creative process this way: “For me, one of the most important aspects of my work is to give people something to dream about, just as I used to dream all those years ago as a child looking at beautiful photographs.”The book ends with a chapter on then and now. “Fashion has changed so much in my lifetime,” Coddington writes. “Today, I find myself at the collections, asking, ‘Who are all these people?’ Sometimes I think I’m the last remaining person who comes to the shows for the pleasure of seeing the clothes.”At 71, she seldom wears makeup and doesn’t socialize much. But her attempt in the last 100 pages to distance herself from the term “fashionista” is a bit of a stretch. Clearly, Coddington has led a most charmed life. 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