A lição de Trelew

Sylvia Colombo

A Argentina continua dando exemplo no que diz respeito aos julgamentos dos crimes dos seus violentos anos 70. Hoje, mais um deles  terminou, com a condenação de três repressores, Luis Sosa, Carlos Marandino e Emilio De Real, à prisão perpétua. O interessante desse caso, porém, é que o fato ocorreu antes do início da ditadura militar (1976-1983), portanto abriu um precedente para julgar casos relativos à violência ocorrida em tempos democráticos, antes de perpetrado o golpe.

O Massacre de Trelew ocorreu no dia 22 de agosto de 1972, nele morreram fuzilados 16 militantes de esquerda, detidos após tentar escapar da prisão de Rawson, na província de Chubut, na Patagônia. Os mortos faziam parte de diferentes agrupações políticas associadas de maneira inédita, entre elas estavam os montoneros, o ERP (Ejército Revolucionário del Pueblo) e as FAR (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionárias).

 

A Argentina vivia a ditadura do general Alejandro Agustín Lanusse (1971-1973), um período de grande violência política e social. Por um lado, os militantes de esquerda realizavam atentados e estruturavam-se como guerrilhas. De outro, começava a se armar um aparato de repressão que depois seria responsável por um imenso número de mortos _as estimativas variam entre 9 e 30 mil.

O plano de fuga foi elaborado depois de meses de reuniões sistemáticas e obsessivas, realizadas na gelada prisão patagônica. O plano inicial era sair dali com um grupo de 100 pessoas. Do lado de fora, companheiros trariam carros que levariam todos ao aeroporto de Trelew, de onde tomariam um avião da Aerolíneas Argentinas e embarcariam para o Chile. O destino final seria Cuba.

 

A operação fracassou, parte do grupo teve de viajar a bordo de táxis, mas chegou atrasado ao aeroporto. Os 19 que ainda tentavam escapar foram detidos no aeroporto e levados à base aeronaval Almirante Zar, em Trelew. Ali foram metralhados. Apenas três deles sobreviveram, Alberto Miguel Camps, María Antonia Berger e Ricardo René Haidar. Seu depoimento está em “La Patria Fusilada”, do escritor e militante Francisco Urondo.

A condenação dos repressores é uma boa notícia. Uma pena que ocorra nada menos do que 40 anos depois do crime. Ainda assim, a justiça sob o governo de Cristina Kirchner tem se mostrado exemplar quando se trata de levar ao banco dos réus aqueles que cometeram crimes de lesa humanidade. Um exemplo a ser observado e levado em consideração por vizinhos que passaram por experiências semelhantes.

 

 

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