Intelectuais cobram candidatos no México

Sylvia Colombo

A campanha presidencial mexicana acaba de começar, com vistas à votação do próximo dia 1 de julho. O favorito para ganhar o pleito é o candidato Enrique Peña Nieto, do tradicional PRI (Partido Revolucionário Institucional), que esteve no poder por mais de 70 anos. Em segundo lugar está a candidata da situação, a ex-secretária da Educação Josefina Vásquez Mota (PAN). Em terceiro, tentando recuperar o prestígio perdido depois da derrota em 2006, o esquerdista Antonio Manuel López Obrador (PRD).

Mal começaram a campanha televisiva e os comícios, os candidatos já têm o primeiro desafio. Responder às perguntas de um grupo de quase 50 intelectuais e artistas lançadas nesta semana, sobre assuntos que consideram centrais.

Os pontos mais polêmicos do questionário são o que se referem à violência do narcotráfico e a privatização parcial de algumas estatais importantes. Com relação à violência, há muita inquietude no país por conta dos mais de 50 mil mortos causados pela guerra ao crime organizado iniciada pelo atual presidente, o conservador Felipe Calderón (PAN). Seus críticos dizem que as ações do Exército provocaram uma reação ainda mais negativa entre os delinquentes e não fez com que se diminuísse a quantidade de drogas que atravessa o país com destino aos EUA.

Nestes seis anos de governo Calderón, a atuação dos jornalistas sofreu grave assédio. O México já é o país latino-americano mais perigoso para o exercício da profissão. Há ameaças de morte, bombas colocadas em jornais e rádios, e até sequestro e morte de profissionais.

A continuidade dessa política é um grande desafio para os candidatos. Se resolvem dar um passo atrás, podem abrir espaço para que os chefões do tráfico, já com bastante influência em alguns Estados, impossibilitem o governo do próximo presidente. Se acentuam a guerra contra o crime organizado, podem causar ainda mais mortes.

O documento dos intelectuais é assinado por nomes como o escritor e ex-chanceler Jorge Castañeda, o ator Gael García Bernal (o Che Guevara de “Diários de Motocicleta”), a autora Ángeles Mastretta e o ex-reitor da UNAM, principal universidade do país, Juan Ramón de la Fuente.

 

 

 

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